Revolutionary a year ago, now dual-core mobile  processors are standard; next, chipmakers say quad-core processors will  support mobile multitasking comparable to the performance of a desktop  computer.
One of the big mobile buzzwords of 2011 was “dual-core.” Dual-core  processors became the standard for high-end smartphones, starting with  the 
LG Optimus 2X  in January. In 2012, however, it’s going to be all about quad-core.   But other than having double the cores of this year’s smartphones, what  exactly is a “quad-core” processor and what this mean for the  smartphones of 2012?
We’ve all heard the marketing: More cores equal more power and a  faster smartphone. That’s great news for everybody, but I wanted to find  out _how _this would actually change performance for phones and how it  applies to real-world scenarios. And since this term is already  infiltrating the tech world (even with only one actual quad-core product  on the market), I also wanted to get an idea of when we’ll actually see  quad-core phones. I spoke with a few of the major system-on-a-chip  manufacturers and got some insight into next year’s powerful  smartphones.  
The State of Multicore Processors
NVIDIA was the first to bring dual-core processing to mobile with the LG Optimus 2X, which 
debuted at the beginning of this year with the Tegra 2 chip. NVIDIA is blazing the multicore trail again with the release of the 
Asus Eee Pad Transformer Prime TF201  tablet. The Transformer Prime is the first device to ship with the  NVIDIA Tegra 3 1.3-GHz quad-core processor. For now, it’s the only  quad-core device on the market. The Transformer earned high praise from  us for its stunning graphics and zippy performance.
Manufacturers are keeping mum about when we’ll see quad-core phones,  however. NVIDIA has said it is working with a number of device makers on  Tegra 3-powered phones, but can’t reveal who they are due to  nondisclosure agreements. Quad-core phones are “on track,” however, for  Q1 2012.
Of course, that doesn’t stop the blogosphere from speculating. The rumored 
HTC Edge will supposedly be the world’s first quad-core smartphone, running the Tegra 3 chip. Mobile news site 
PocketNow  claims to have exclusive images as well as a spec sheet. We take such  rumors with a grain of salt, however. The mobile world is prone to  shake-ups and surprises, and news of phones from so-called “reliable  sources” don’t always come to fruition.
Qualcomm stated last month that its quad-core Snapdragon chip, the  APQ064, will join its S4 line of products. Based on ARM architecture,  the S4 chips will run at clock speeds between 1.5GHz and 2.5GHz.  Qualcomm’s Vice President of Product Management Raj Talluri, confirmed  that the first phones with 
quad-core Snapdragon chips will ship around holiday season next year.
Unlike NVIDIA and Qualcomm, chipset manufacturer TI isn’t putting a  number on its OMAP processor. Rather than calling them dual-core or  quad-core, TI refers to them as “multicore.” My colleague Melissa  Perenson visited TI last week at its headquarters in Dallas, Texas where  the company showed off its latest system-on-a-chip, 
the OMAP 5.  The company didn’t give any exact benchmarks, but maintains that the  OMAP 5 produce speeds competitive with NVIDIA’s quad-core processor.
Samsung’s phone and tablets have used both Snapdragon and Tegra  chipsets, but the manufacturer’s semiconductor division is hard at work  on the next generation of its own 
Exynos line  of systems-on-a-chip. The Exynos 5250 isn’t quad-core, however; it is a  dual-core ARM Cortex-A15 processor. Like TI, Samsung seems to be  confident that the Exynos 5250 can produce benchmarks and performance  competitive to a quad-core processor.  
The More Cores, the Better?
According to NVIDIA, quad-core processors improve performance during  multitasking as well as the performance of multithreaded applications.  NVIDIA says a quad-core processor will bring to your phone a level of  performance comparable to a desktop computer.People are going to consider their phones as their primary computer,”  says Nick Stam, director of technical marketing at NVIDIA. “Phones with  a quad-core processor are really full computers that can replace many  functions of your laptop or computer. It is a level of performance that  truly does rival a desktop processor.”
Qualcomm’s Talluri expects users will see the power of quad-core in  the multitasking speed. The speed in which you switch between open  applications will be much faster than that of a dual-core phone.
When I spoke with NVIDIA and Qualcomm, I asked for a few examples of  applications that could fully take advantage of quad-core processors.  Gaming, of course, is the popular example. Quad-core processors support  multithreaded applications, meaning an app that runs multiple processes  at once, like a game. Therefore, Gameplay on a phone that can support  these simultaneous processes is much more fluid and snappier with higher  quality graphics.  
Games aren’t the only applications that can really benefit from a  quad-core processor, however. Imaging software, such as a panoramic app,  can stitch together multiple photos much faster than a single- or  dual-core phone. Photo and video apps, like Adobe’s Photoshop Touch for  tablets, also benefit from the extra horsepower.
One of the arguments against quad-core mobile devices -- and really,  even dual-core devices -- is that not enough content is optimized to  fully take advantage of the CPU power. Both NVIDIA and Qualcomm assured  me that they are actively working with developers to optimize content  for their chips. But in reality, we won’t see a boom of these fully  optimized applications until actual quad-core products ship.
Battery Life: What’s at Stake?
Shortened battery life is the thorn in the side of smartphone  innovation. Smartphone batteries can’t seem to hold up as processors get  more powerful and networks become faster.
But NVIDIA says that quad-core processors are actually easier on  battery life than single- or dual-core chips. With the Tegra 3, the  processes are distributed across the multiple cores, and therefore a  quad-core phone consumes less power than a dual-core phone. The Tegra 3  chips actually have a fifth “companion core” that is built using a  special lower-power-silicon process. This companion core handles tasks  at a lower frequency for active standby mode, music playback, and video  playback.
Qualcomm’s  Talluri explains that Qualcomm’s quad-core chips will be able to run  simultaneously at different clock frequencies and at different voltages.  For example, say you open an e-mail (which requires little power) and  then click on a link that opens a Flash-based Website with video (which  requires significantly more power). The system will smartly adapt its  cores to handle the different power levels.  
I predict we’ll see more quad-core tablets at CES in January 2012 and  the first quad-core phones (likely from NVIDIA) will appear the  following month at Mobile World Congress. But right now, it is still too  early to predict the impact of quad-core phones on the mobile world.